全国性单项体育协会改革必须坚持“独立社团法人实体”的目标取向。立基于“社团法人”本位,按照“权责明确、制衡有效、产权清晰、依法自治”的现代社会组织要求,提炼全国性单项体育协会“独立社团法人实体”改革与发展的应然“面貌”。据此,审视当前全国性单项体育协会改革,进一步分析单项体育协会向独立社团法人实体转换过程中所面临的问题。由此提出,法治是突破单项组织机构、体制、运行机制等“破旧立新”的根本保障,推动当前协会改革向纵深方向发展需要法治的保障。回应国家社会治理姿态调整和依法治体的要求,应明确单项协会法律性质与地位,撤销管理中心建制,分批推进单项协会与体育行政部门“脱钩”；明确单项协会社团法人体育管理职权,规定社会 团体法人的管理体制和原则,实现从虚职到实职的转变；以“独立社团法人财产权”概念为政策设计的前置,分类推进单项协会国有资产转换与调配；对单项运动协会适度从事营利性活动的核准主义赋权,解决单项协会自我造血障碍；规范单项协会法人治理结构,实现从他治到自治；合理建构单项协会“社团罚”的监督与救济机制,来平衡体育行业自治与国家法治。

This paper proposed that the goal of deepening the reform of individual sports associations must adhere to the "independent corporate legal entity .Based on the "corporate legal person" standard, in accordance with the requirements of modern social organizations , refine the "face" of the reform and development of the "independent corporate legal entity" of the national individual sports associations. Examine the current reform of the national single sports association and further analyze the problems faced by individual sports associations in the process of transition to independent corporate legal entities.It is thus proposed that the rule of law is the fundamental guarantee for breaking through the "destruction and newness" of individual organizations, systems, and operational mechanisms, and promoting the current development of association reform in the depth direction requires the protection of the rule of law.In response to the requirements of the adjustment of the state"s social governance posture and the rule of law, the legal nature and status of individual associations should be clarified, the management system should be abolished; the individual management rights of individual associations should be clarified; the "independent corporate legal person property rights" as the front, the classification and promotion of the conversion and allocation of state-owned assets of individual associations; standardizing the corporate governance structure of individual associations, realizing the governance and autonomy from other governance; rationally constructing the supervision and relief mechanism of the “association penalty” of individual associations to balance the autonomy of the sports industry with the rule of law of the state.

国家社会科学重大项目(项目编号：16ZDA225)