退役运动员安置政策是运动员实现职业转换的根本制度保障。基于 J省退役运动员就业状况的微观调查数据，运用嵌入性经典理论框架研究退役运动员安置政策的实践困境及其深层次原因。研究发现，退役运动员安置政策在实践中面临脱离竞技体育体制、不能适应市场经济体制的“双重脱嵌”困局，导致退役运动员由训练单位至安置单位的职业转换过程中，在生计保障、文化教育、社会网络等 3个维度产生了结构性断裂。其成因在于退役运动员安置保障的制度设计、责任主体、组织实施、配套政策等存在缺陷。据此提出遵循“以人为本”的制度设计理念、健全多元责任主体体系、注重安置政策效果评价、加强配套政策有序衔接的退役运动员安置政策优化路径。

The placement policies for retired athletes are the fundamental institutional guarantee for athletes to realize their career transitions. Based on the data from the micro-survey of the employment status of retired athletes in Province J，this paper uses the classical analysis framework of structural embeddedness to study the practical dilemma of the placement policies for retired athletes and the deep-seated reasons. The study fifinds that the practical use of placement policies for retired athletes faces the dilemma of “dual de-embedding” ——being separated from the competitive sports system and unable to adapt to the market economy system in practice，which results in the structural rupture between the athlete training units and placement units in the three dimensions of livelihood safeguard，cultural education，and social networks. The reasons lie in the defects in the system design，responsible body，organization and implementation，and supporting policies for the placement of retired athletes. Accordingly，the optimized path of placement policies for retired athletes are put forward as follows，to follow the design concept of “people-oriented” system，improve the system of multiple responsible bodies，emphasize the evaluation of the effects of the placement policies，and strengthen the orderly connections of supporting policies.

G812.3

国家社会科学基金一般项目(17BTY049)；江苏省社会科学基金项目(19TYC002)；江苏高校哲学社会科学研究项目(2020SJA0381)；南京体育学院教改课题重点项目(JG201902)