我国民族传统体育学的成长一直伴随着“中西古今”的路径争议，探究争议的源头，梳理民族传统体育学的成长历程有助于学科的健康成长。研究运用文献资料法考察了“土洋体育之争”投射出的中西和古今问题；研究认为，正是“洋体育”确立了“土体育”武术的体育身份，也为武术的科学化、教育化、专业化、团体化创造了可能，武术的科学化也促进了传统武术与现代体育的融合；研究发现，民族传统体育学成立至今存在的问题依然没有超越土洋体育之争，就人类学视野而言，也正是土洋体育之争所体现的“中西古今”推动了民族传统体育学科的成长；研究提出了民族传统体育学的核心议题：对人的研究，对生活方式的考察，对生命活动的考察，对历史文化现象的考察。

The study of China’s national traditional sports has been accompanied by the path dispute of “ Chinese or western elements，ancient or modern styles”. Exploring the source of the dispute and combing the growth process of national traditional sports will contribute to the healthy growth of the discipline. Using literature review and other research methods，this paper investigates the problems of Chinese or western elements，and ancient or modern styles in the choice between traditional and foreign sports； The research shows that it is foreign sports that established the sports identity of Local Sports Wushu，and also created the possibility for the scientific，educational，professional and collective development of Wushu； The scientific growth of Wushu also promotes the integration of traditional Wushu and modern sports. It is indicated that the problems emerged ever since the establishment of traditional sports studies still whirl around the choice between traditional and foreign sports， with the path dispute of “ Chinese or western elements，ancient or modern styles” actually promoting the growth of traditional sports studies from the anthropology perspective. Finally，the research puts forward the core topics of National Traditional Sports，includinge research on people，the investigation of life style，the investigation of life activities，and the investigation of historical and cultural phenomena.

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2022 年河南省兴文化工程文化研究专项项目(2022 XWH155)；2021 年河南省高校人文社会科学研究一般项目(2021-ZZJH-392)