对集体行动形成的结构性因素分析，已成为理论思考和政策分析的基本依据。结构性解释能够剖析关键变量促进抑或阻碍集体行动形成，却难以对集体行动中关键变量及其互动过程的变化形成同等解释力。本研究以民族志的叙事呈现了浦市龙舟活动从共意形成、动员，到共意破裂以及“合法性困境”应对的整个过程。其中，集体行动“合法化”的维护过程，形塑了政府与民众对待龙舟活动的态度和行为方式，并由此构成了一个以相互妥协为内容的默认缓冲机制，得以有效应对来自行政合法性要求所产生的压力，从而最终促成了龙舟活动复兴的集体行动形成。研究认为，集体行动的“合法性”这一关键变量的变化，会导致行动者之间的互动过程发生变化。这一关键变量及其互动过程变化所形成的压力，并不必然直接决定集体行动的可持续性与否，其中还存在默认缓冲的可能，且能够重新构建一种积极面向的集体行动新循环。这一新循环所形成的集体行动，虽并非行动者所预先设想，但这一实践过程及所包含的逻辑，能够为当下民俗体育复兴的政策制定提供再生产经验。

The analysis of structural factors in the formation of collective action has become the basis for theoretical thinking and policy analysis. The structural explanation can analyze whether the key variables promote or hinder the formation of collective action，but it is difficult to form the same explanatory power for the changes of the key variables in collective action and their interaction process. This study presents the whole process of dragon boat activities in Pushi Town from the formation and mobilization of common will to the breakdown of common will and the response to the “legitimacy dilemma” through ethnographic narration. Among them，the maintenance process of “legalization” of collective action has shaped the attitude and behavior mode of government and people towards dragon boat activities，and formed a default buffer mechanism with mutual compromise as content，so as to cope with the pressure from the requirements of administrative legitimacy，and finally contributed to the formation of collective action for the revival of dragon boat activities. It is believed that the change of the “legitimacy”，a key variable of collective action，will lead to the change of the interaction process among actors. The pressure caused by the change of this key variable and its interaction process does not necessarily directly determine whether the sustainability of collective action exists or not. There is still the possibility of default buffer，and it can rebuild a new collective action cycle which is positively oriented. Although the collective action formed by this new cycle is not envisioned by the actors in advance，the practice process and the logic within it can provide reproductive experience for the policy making of the revival of folk sports.

G852.9

国家社科基金一般项目(21BTY114)；国家社科基金青年项目(21CTY015)