运动员转型学校教练员是新发展阶段深化体教融合的关键举措，是加强学校体育专业力量、 优化竞技体育后备人才培养模式与促进退役运动员再就业的有力保障。研究采用文献资料、逻辑分析与实地调研等方法，通过引入赋权增能理论，深入剖析了运动员转型学校教练员的现实困境与实践理路。研究认为，运动员转型学校教练员蕴含有制度、管理与环境赋权和内外增能的“三权两能”作用机理。当前运动员转型学校教练员仍存在政策法规仍不健全，“落地型”政策普及度较低；管理机制不够灵活，转型过程仍有阻力；社会主体性环境不强，职业地位有待提高；内在增能意愿受阻，职业身份转型困难；外在增能效率不高，岗位胜任力偏低等现实困境。未来应从建立健全专项政策法规、构筑多元协同管理机制、营造主体性社会环境、激活运动员内在增能意愿和强化运动员外在增能效率等方面推进， 不断提高运动员转型学校教练员的制度力、保障力、支持力、适应力及胜任力，推动运动员成功转型学校教练员并实现可持续发展。

As a key measure to deepen the integration of sports and education in the new stage of development，the transformation of athletes into school coaches is a powerful guarantee to strengthen the professional strength of school sports， optimize the training model of competitive sports reserve talents and promote the re-employment of retired athletes. By using the methods of literature review，logical analysis and field investigation，and introducing the theory of empowerment，this paper deeply analyzes the realistic dilemma and practical pathway of athletes' transformation into school coaches. The research holds that the transformation of athletes into school coaches contains the empowerment mechanism of system，management and environment and the internal and external empowerment. At present，the policies and regulations for the transformation of athletes into school coaches are not well-developed；the effective policy implementation is of low level；the management mechanism is not flexible enough，and there is still resistance in the process of transformation；the social subjectivity environment is not strong，and the professional status needs to be improved；the internal empowerment will be blocked，and the transformation of professional identity is difficult；the external empowerment efficiency is not high，and post competence is low. In the future，we should establish and improve special policies and regulations，build a multi-collaborative management mechanism，create a subjective social environment，activate athletes' internal willingness to increase energy and strengthen athletes' external efficiency，so as to continuously improve the institutional force，safeguard force，support force，adaptability force and competence force，and promote the successful transformation of athletes into school coaches and achieve sustainable development

G808.1

国家体育总局决策咨询重点项目（2023-B-18）