发展职业体能是职业院校体育与健康课程的学科使命和主要内容，迄今为止，有关职业体能的研究虽取得一些成果，但在职业体能的概念定义与内涵内容、职业体能与一般体能的关系、职业体能与职业性运动技能的关系、为培养职业体能所进行的职业分类、职业体能培养的方略和方法等方面缺乏共识。文章在采用文献资料法和分类理论研究法等进行研究的基础上，提出了“职业体能是某职业的惯常性工作对从业者所要求的特殊身心素质和身体能力”的概念建议，以及“职业体能在与生活相近的职业中并不清晰存在，而在与生活相远的工作中清晰可见”“职业体能是一般体能的特殊样态，过于强调二者同质性时职业体能失去存在意义，过于强调二者差异性时会导致概念混乱”“与生活相远的职业与职业体能会呈现‘一一对应’关系，接近生活状态的职业与职业体能则呈‘类类对应’关系”“现实中存在有‘职业性运动技能’，其基础是职业运动体能，职业运动体能与职业体能有内在联系但不等同”等观点。在对职业体能研究的基础上，针对性地对当前职业体能培养存在的问题进行讨论并提出改善建议。

The development of occupational physical fitness is the academic mission and essential content of physicaleducation and health courses in vocational colleges. Over the years， the field of occupational physical fitness has achievedsome theoretical and practical results. However， there is a lack of consensus regarding the concept definition， connotation，relationship between vocational physical fitness and general physical fitness， relationship between vocational physical fitnessand vocational sports skills， occupational classification for cultivating vocational physical fitness， and strategies and methodsfor vocational physical fitness cultivation. Based on an analysis of literature review and classification theory research， thispaper proposes the concept of“occupational physical fitness referring to the special physical and mental qualities required bypractitioners in their habitual work in a certain profession.” The paper argues that occupational physical fitness is not clearlypresent in professions similar to daily life but is clearly visible in specialized work with significant differences from daily life.Essentially， occupational physical fitness is a specific manifestation of general physical fitness， emphasizing their homogeneityexcessively would render the concept of occupational physical fitness meaningless， while emphasizing their differencesexcessively would lead to confusion in conceptual connotations. The further away from daily life a profession is，the morespecific its occupational physical fitness becomes，showing a“one-to-one correspondence”； whereas professions closer to dailylife lack specificity in their occupational physical fitness， showing a“class-to-class correspondence” . In reality， there shouldbe professional sports skills based on professional sports abilities； while there is an inherent connection between professionalsports abilities and occupational physical fitness， they are not equivalent. Based on the research on occupational physicalfitness， we will discuss the existing problems in current occupational physical fitness training and propose improvementsuggestions.

G807.4

国家社会科学基金重点项目（19ATY009）