构建科学高效的竞技体育国家队组建模式，是深入推进体育强国战略、创新竞技体育管理 体制和运行机制的重要议题。运用文献资料、专家访谈等方法，基于倡导联盟框架（Advocacy Coalition Framework，ACF，或译为“倡议联盟框架”，研究采用第一种译法）理论视角，剖析竞技体育国家队组建模 式的政策变迁、模式变革与路径优化。研究认为：我国竞技体育国家队组建模式已形成传统集中训办、 联建共建和委托承办三种类型，各类模式在资源整合、人才培养、激励保障等机制上各具优势，但也面临 权责边界模糊、利益分配失衡、可持续性隐忧等共性困境。上述模式的形成与演变，根植于政策子系统 内部改革支持联盟与路径依赖联盟的持续博弈。两大联盟在深层核心信念、政策核心信念及次要方面 信念上的系统性分歧，构成了政策博弈的信念基础，而其互动博弈与政策学习则成为推动模式变迁的 内在动力。在此过程中，体育强国战略、大型赛事备战压力及国家“放管服”改革等外部事件持续扰动， 打破既有政策平衡，与内部联盟博弈形成合力，共同推动2025年《合作组建国家高水平运动队管理办法 （试行）》出台。提出以下优化路径：建立常态化政策对话机制，促进联盟间信念调适与学习；创新精准化 资源配置与激励体系，引导联盟策略转向建设性合作；完善动态化监测评估与学习迭代机制，保障政策 体系持续进化；推进模式分类改革和差异化发展，实现因项制宜的精准施策。

Building a scientific and efficient model for the formation of national competitive sports teams is a core issue in deeply advancing the strategy of a sports power and innovating the management system and operation mechanism of competitive sports. By using methods such as literature review and expert interviews，this paper analyzes the policy changes， model transformations，and path optimizations of the formation model of national competitive sports teams based on the Advocacy Coalition Framework （ACF） theory. The research suggests that the formation model of national competitive sports teams in China has formed three basic types： traditional centralized training and management，joint construction and co- construction，and entrusted management. Each model has its own advantages in mechanisms such as resource integration， talent cultivation，and incentive guarantee，but they also face common problems such as ambiguous boundaries of rights and responsibilities，unbalanced benefit distribution，and hidden concerns about sustainability. The formation and evolution of these models are rooted in the continuous game between the reform support coalition and the path dependence coalition within the policy subsystem. The systematic differences in deep core beliefs，policy core beliefs，and secondary beliefs between the two coalitions constitute the belief basis of the policy game，and their interaction，game，and policy learning have become the internal driving force for model changes. During this process，external events such as the strategy of a sports power，the pressure of preparing for major events，and the “delegation，regulation，and service” reform of the nation have continuously disturbed the existing policy balance，forming a synergy with the internal coalition game，and jointly promoting the promulgation of the “Trial Measures for the Management of the Cooperative Formation of National High-level Sports Teams” in 2025. The following optimization paths are proposed： establishing a regular policy dialogue mechanism to promote belief adjustment and learning among coalitions；innovating precise resource allocation and incentive systems to guide coalitions to shift their strategies towards constructive cooperation；improving dynamic monitoring，evaluation，and iterative learning mechanisms to ensure the continuous evolution of the policy system；and promoting classified reforms and differentiated development of models to achieve precise policy-making based on speci?c sports.

G812

国家社会科学基金重点项目（25ATY004）；中国博士后科学基金项目（2025M783215）；中国学生体育联合会2025年度课题（L202504007）