老化年龄认同作为老年人主观福祉的重要组成部分，反映了其对衰老过程的认知与态度，并 在促进健康老龄化中发挥着关键作用。体育锻炼作为践行积极老龄观的重要途径，其参与程度是衡量 老年人健康水平和生活质量的核心指标，对改善老年人的老化态度可能具有重要影响。研究基于 2020 年中国老年人社会追踪调查数据，采用 OLS回归模型、中介效应分析和工具变量法等，系统考察了体育 锻炼参与对老年人老化年龄认同的影响及其内在机制。研究发现，体育锻炼显著提升了老年人的老化 年龄认同，这一结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立。异质性分析发现，这种影响在高龄、中小学 教育水平、城市、东部地区、患有慢性疾病及具有养老保障的老年人群体中更加明显。机制分析发现，健 康促进效应和自我效能在体育锻炼与老化年龄认同之间发挥了重要的中介作用；然而与预期不符的是， 社会网络在其中发挥遮掩效应。基于研究结论，从构建科学合理的体育参与机制、强化健康促进效应与 行为主体能动性、优化社会网络结构，以及实施针对群体差异的精准化政策干预等方面提出政策建议。

Aging identity， as an important component of older adults’ subjective well-being， reflects their perceptions andattitudes toward the aging process and plays a key role in promoting healthy aging. Physical exercise，as an important wayto practice active aging， is a core indicator of older adults’ health and quality of life， and may have a significant impact onimproving their attitudes toward aging. Based on the data from the 2020 Social Tracking Survey of Chinese Older Adults，the article systematically examined the impact of physical activity participation on older adults’ age identity and its internalmechanism using OLS regression modeling， mediation effect analysis， and instrumental variable method. It is found thatphysical exercise participation significantly enhances older adults’ age identity， a finding that still holds after a series ofrobustness tests. Heterogeneity analyses found that this effect was more pronounced in the oldest-old， primary and secondaryeducation levels， urban residents， individuals in the eastern region， those with chronic diseases， and those with pensioncoverage. Mechanistic analysis found that health promotion effects and self-efficacy played an important mediating rolebetween physical exercise and aging identity； however， contrary to expectations， social networks played a masking effect.Based on the findings of the study， policy recommendations are suggested in terms of constructing a scientific and reasonablemechanism for physical exercise participation， strengthening the health promotion effect and individual initiative， optimizingthe structure of the social network，and implementing precise policy interventions tailored to different population groups.

G812.48

国家社会科学基金重点项目（23ATY001）