中国体育竞赛伤害行为的法律规范主要由以侵权法、劳动法为代表的一般性法律规范和以体 育法为核心的专门性法律规范构成。在规范适用上，侵权法维度下的自甘风险规则和安全保障义务因 要件理解分歧、审查要素粗放而边界不清；劳动法保护面临运动员身份模糊、特殊保护和维权机制缺位 等障碍；体育法则存在强制性规范覆盖面狭窄、自治性规则效力不足的症结，难以统合体育竞赛中伤害 行为的专业性规范需求。体育竞赛领域独特的风险分配考量和保障需求要求法律作出适应性调整，需 超越部门法壁垒，形成“体育专业指引－一般规范完善－社会风险分担”的法律规范体系。以体育专业 规范为指引，通过社会对话机制整合多方主体诉求，细化风险分类与伤害行为认定标准；完善侵权法规 范要件与身份性保护制度；拓宽强制性保险的覆盖范围，构建多层次保障体系；从而实现法治化、专业化 与可持续化的协同目标，为建设体育强国提供制度保障。

The legal regulations on injury behaviors in sports competitions in China are mainly composed of general norms represented by tort law and labor law and specialized norms with sports law as the core. In terms of regulations application， the regulation boundaries of assumption of risk and safety guarantee obligations under the dimension of tort law are unclear due to differences in the understanding of the key factors and extensive review elements； labor law protection faces obstacles such as ambiguous athlete identity， lack of special protection and rights protection mechanism； sports law has the problems of narrow coverage of mandatory norms and insufficient effectiveness of autonomous rules， which makes it difficult to integrate the professional requirements for regulating injury behaviors in sports competitions. The unique risk allocation and protection needs in the field of sports competitions require the law to make adaptive adjustments， transcend the barriers of departmental laws， and form a legal regulatory system of "sports professional guidance-general norm improvement-social risk sharing". Guided by sports professional norms， it is proposed to integrate the demands of multiple parties through social dialogue mechanisms， and refine risk classification and injury behavior identification standards； improve the normative elements of tort law and identity protection； expand the coverage of compulsory insurance and build a multi-level protection system； thus achieving the coordinated goals of legalization， specialization and sustainability， and providing institutional guarantees for building a strong sports nation.

G812

广东省体育局科研项目（GDSS2024N072）。